#renewablebiomass

Combatting Air Pollution with Eco-Friendly Briquettes: A Cleaner Energy Alternative

Air pollution has become a pressing global issue, especially in urban areas and developing countries. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil has led to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and severe health problems, such as respiratory disorders. In efforts to combat these issues, scientists and the energy industry have been seeking cleaner, more environmentally friendly alternatives. One solution that is gaining popularity is the use of eco-friendly briquettes. This article will explore how eco-friendly briquettes can help reduce air pollution and their crucial role in the global effort to mitigate climate change. 1. What Are Eco-Friendly Briquettes? Eco-friendly briquettes are solid fuel made from sustainable biomass materials, such as agricultural waste (rice husks, sawdust, palm kernel shells), plant fibers, or other organic waste. Unlike coal or other fossil fuels that produce high carbon emissions, eco-friendly briquettes have much lower emissions since they are derived from renewable resources that absorb carbon dioxide throughout their life cycle. Eco-friendly briquettes are often produced through a compression process that transforms raw biomass into dense blocks with high energy content. This process also removes moisture and unwanted chemicals, resulting in a more efficient and cleaner-burning fuel. 2. The Role of Eco-Friendly Briquettes in Reducing Air Pollution The combustion of fossil fuels is a major contributor to air pollution, releasing toxic gases like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). All of these contribute to health problems such as asthma, lung diseases, and even cancer. Eco-friendly briquettes, on the other hand, offer a cleaner solution. Because they are made from renewable biomass sources, briquettes produce far fewer harmful emissions when burned. Here’s how eco-friendly briquettes help reduce air pollution: Lower CO2 Emissions: Biomass briquettes are carbon-neutral, meaning they do not add additional carbon dioxide to the atmosphere since the plants that form the briquettes absorb CO2 during their growth. This contrasts with fossil fuels, which release CO2 that has been trapped in the earth for millions of years. Reduced Particulate Emissions: Burning eco-friendly briquettes generates fewer harmful particulates compared to burning fossil fuels. This is crucial in urban areas where fine particulate pollution poses a major health risk. Less Sulfur and Nitrogen Emissions: Fossil fuels like coal release large amounts of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain and damage ecosystems. Eco-friendly briquettes produce significantly lower emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, thereby reducing their environmental impact. 3. Sustainability and Renewable Resources One of the biggest advantages of eco-friendly briquettes is that they are made from renewable resources that are often discarded or left unused. Agricultural waste such as rice husks, sawdust, and palm kernel shells are usually burned in open fields, which creates air pollution. By converting this waste into briquettes, we can reduce pollution from open waste burning and turn it into a valuable energy source. Furthermore, since biomass is widely available in many countries, especially in rural areas, the use of eco-friendly briquettes also helps reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels. This not only lowers carbon footprints but also enhances energy security for developing nations. 4. Economic and Social Benefits The use of eco-friendly briquettes not only benefits the environment but also has a positive economic and social impact. Here are some of the advantages: Job Creation: The biomass briquette production industry can create jobs in rural areas, particularly in the collection of raw materials, production, and distribution. This can improve the economic well-being of local communities. Affordable Energy: Biomass briquettes are often cheaper than fossil fuels. This makes clean energy more accessible to households in developing countries that often lack access to modern fuels. Reduced Dependence on Firewood: In many developing countries, firewood is still the primary source of energy for cooking and heating. However, burning wood produces harmful emissions and contributes to deforestation. Biomass briquettes offer a cleaner, more sustainable alternative, helping to alleviate pressure on forests. 5. Challenges and Solutions for Wider Adoption While eco-friendly briquettes have many benefits, there are some challenges to increasing their global adoption. One of the main challenges is the lack of infrastructure and investment in the production and distribution of biomass briquettes, especially in developing countries. Additionally, limited awareness of briquette technology and its benefits among the public also hampers its uptake. To address these challenges, cooperation between governments, the private sector, and international organizations is needed to encourage investment in briquette technology and raise public awareness of its benefits. Moreover, supportive policies, such as tax incentives for briquette producers and subsidies for consumers, can help accelerate adoption. 6. Conclusion Eco-friendly briquettes offer an effective solution to reduce air pollution and combat climate change. With lower emissions and sustainable raw materials, these briquettes are a viable alternative to fossil fuels. The broader use of biomass briquettes will not only help lower greenhouse gas emissions but also improve public health and generate significant economic benefits. However, to fully realize the potential of eco-friendly briquettes, strategic actions are needed, such as improving infrastructure, supportive policies, and public education. By doing so, we can move closer to a cleaner, more sustainable future. References: International Energy Agency (IEA), “Bioenergy for Sustainable Development,” 2022. World Health Organization (WHO), “Air Pollution and Health Impacts,” 2021. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), “Sustainable Bioenergy Development,” 2023. Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP), “Biomass Energy for Climate Change Mitigation,” 2023.

The Future of Charcoal Briquette Technology: Innovations, Sustainability, and Market Trends

Charcoal briquettes have become a reliable and sustainable energy source worldwide, especially in developing countries. In recent decades, the demand for charcoal briquettes has surged due to the global awareness of the importance of environmental preservation and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. As technology advances, the future of charcoal briquettes is likely to be heavily influenced by innovations aimed at enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and availability. This article will explore the technological developments in charcoal briquettes and the trends we might expect to see in the future. 1. Innovation in Production Processes One of the most promising areas for development is the production process of charcoal briquettes itself. Traditional methods such as pyrolysis and carbonization often result in high carbon emissions and low efficiency. However, advancements in pyrolysis technology now allow for the production of charcoal briquettes with lower emissions and higher energy efficiency. Modern pyrolysis technology enables the conversion of biomass into charcoal by reducing pollution and maximizing the yield of the final product. Moreover, the use of alternative raw materials, such as agricultural waste and other unused biomass, is becoming increasingly popular. With more advanced technology, charcoal briquette producers can process this waste into high-value products, which not only reduces waste but also creates additional income sources. 2. Enhancing Efficiency and Product Quality Energy efficiency and product quality are two key factors in the charcoal briquette industry. Technological advancements have enabled the increase in the energy density of charcoal briquettes, meaning that they can generate more heat and last longer compared to conventional briquettes. This is crucial for both industrial and domestic applications, where fuel efficiency can directly impact operational costs and competitiveness. Recent technology has also made it possible to produce charcoal briquettes with more uniform and compact shapes, making storage and transportation easier. These innovations are vital for increasing exports and expanding international markets. 3. Reducing Carbon Emissions and Environmental Impact As global awareness of climate change grows, the charcoal briquette industry must adapt to meet increasingly stringent environmental standards. Environmentally friendly charcoal briquette technology is being developed with a focus on reducing carbon emissions during production and use. One promising approach is the integration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology into the production process. This technology can capture CO2 generated during carbonization and store it safely so that it is not released into the atmosphere. As a result, charcoal briquettes can become a cleaner and more sustainable energy source. 4. Automation and Digitalization of Production Processes In the era of Industry 4.0, automation and digitalization have become integral parts of many industries, including the charcoal briquette industry. The use of sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the production process can increase efficiency and reduce human error. Data collected from sensors can be used to optimize production conditions, such as temperature and pressure, ensuring the consistent quality of the briquettes. Additionally, digitalization allows for real-time monitoring of production and logistics, helping producers respond to market demands more quickly and efficiently. Automation can also reduce labor costs and improve product consistency. 5. Market Potential and Challenges With the growing demand for sustainable energy sources, the charcoal briquette market is expected to continue expanding. Asia and Africa are two regions projected to be the primary growth centers, as both have abundant biomass supplies and increasing energy demands. However, there are challenges to be addressed to realize this potential. One of the main challenges is ensuring that the latest technology is accessible to small and medium-sized producers, particularly in developing countries. This requires investment in training, infrastructure, and technology transfer. 6. Contribution to the Circular Economy Charcoal briquettes play a significant role in the circular economy, where waste is converted into valuable resources. With continuous technological development, it is possible to utilize biomass waste to produce charcoal briquettes, which not only reduces waste but also generates useful products. In this context, charcoal briquettes help reduce dependence on fossil fuels, decrease carbon emissions, and support environmental sustainability. 7. Conclusion The future of charcoal briquette technology looks promising, with numerous innovations poised to make this industry more efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. From improved production processes to automation and digitalization, charcoal briquettes are positioned as a vital component in the global transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy. To realize this potential, collaboration between the private sector, governments, and the international community is essential to ensure that the benefits of these technologies are felt globally. References: International Energy Agency (IEA), World Energy Outlook 2023. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), “The Charcoal Transition: Greening the Charcoal Value Chain to Mitigate Climate Change and Improve Local Livelihoods,” 2022. Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP), “Sustainable Development of the Bioenergy Sector: Technological Innovations and Policy Frameworks,” 2023. This article aims to provide in-depth and informative insights for international readers and professionals in the sustainable energy industry, particularly those involved in the development and production of charcoal briquettes.

Charcoal Briquettes vs. Traditional Charcoal: Which Is More Efficient?

Introduction In the world of solid fuels, charcoal briquettes and traditional charcoal are the two primary options commonly used for various purposes, from cooking to heating. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. This article will compare charcoal briquettes and traditional charcoal in terms of efficiency, as well as the environmental and economic benefits offered by each. What Are Charcoal Briquettes and Traditional Charcoal? Charcoal Briquettes Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels made from sawdust, rice husks, coconut shells, and other biomass materials that have been carbonized. These briquettes are typically molded into a specific shape using natural binders. Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development.” (2018). Traditional Charcoal Traditional charcoal, also known as lump charcoal, is the result of burning hardwood in a low-oxygen environment. This process removes water and volatile components from the wood, leaving behind carbon that is easily combustible. Reference: World Bank. “Forests and Energy: Key Issues.” (2019). Efficiency Comparison 1. Calorific Value and Burning Time Charcoal Briquettes: Charcoal briquettes generally have a higher calorific value compared to traditional charcoal due to the controlled manufacturing process. Briquettes also offer longer and more stable burning times. Traditional Charcoal: The calorific value of traditional charcoal can vary depending on the type of wood used. Traditional charcoal typically has shorter and less stable burning times. Reference: International Energy Agency (IEA). “Energy and Carbon Emissions Data.” (2020). 2. Emissions and Pollution Charcoal Briquettes: Charcoal briquettes usually produce less smoke and pollution compared to traditional charcoal, thanks to the efficient carbonization process of the raw materials. Traditional Charcoal: Traditional charcoal can produce more smoke and pollution due to the less efficient and uncontrolled burning process. Reference: World Health Organization (WHO). “Air Quality Guidelines.” (2020). 3. Safety and Convenience Charcoal Briquettes: Charcoal briquettes have uniform shape and size, making them easier to handle and store. They also produce less ash, making them cleaner to use. Traditional Charcoal: Traditional charcoal often comes in irregular shapes and sizes, making it harder to handle. It also produces more ash. Reference: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Waste.” (2019). Environmental Benefits 1. Waste Utilization Charcoal briquettes use raw materials from biomass waste, helping reduce waste accumulation and adding value to otherwise unused materials. Reference: International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). “Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review.” (2021). 2. Forest Conservation Using charcoal briquettes can help reduce the need for cutting down trees for firewood, contributing to forest conservation and biodiversity preservation. Reference: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). “Sustainable Energy for All: A Global Action Agenda.” (2021). Economic Benefits 1. Cost Charcoal briquettes are often cheaper in the long run due to their higher efficiency and longer burning times. 2. Job Creation The production of charcoal briquettes creates jobs in rural areas, particularly in raw material collection and production sectors. Reference: Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. “Clean Cooking: Key to Achieving Global Climate and Health Goals.” (2018). Conclusion Both charcoal briquettes and traditional charcoal have their own advantages. However, in terms of efficiency, charcoal briquettes tend to outperform due to their higher calorific value, longer burning time, and lower emissions and pollution. Additionally, charcoal briquettes are more environmentally friendly and economically viable. For a more efficient and sustainable choice, charcoal briquettes are a better option. References Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development.” (2018). World Bank. “Forests and Energy: Key Issues.” (2019). International Energy Agency (IEA). “Energy and Carbon Emissions Data.” (2020). World Health Organization (WHO). “Air Quality Guidelines.” (2020). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Waste.” (2019). International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). “Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review.” (2021). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). “Sustainable Energy for All: A Global Action Agenda.” (2021). Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. “Clean Cooking: Key to Achieving Global Climate and Health Goals.” (2018).

Energy-Saving Charcoal Briquettes: Environmental and Economic Benefits for Households

Introduction As the need for efficient and eco-friendly energy solutions grows, charcoal briquettes have become an increasingly popular choice. Made from biomass such as agricultural waste, sawdust, and coconut shells, charcoal briquettes offer numerous benefits for households. This article will discuss the advantages of charcoal briquettes as an energy-saving solution, covering their environmental, economic, and practical benefits. Environmental Benefits 1. Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Charcoal briquettes produce fewer greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuels like coal and oil. The carbonization process used in making charcoal briquettes is more efficient, resulting in lower emissions of carbon dioxide and methane. Reference: International Energy Agency (IEA). “Energy and Carbon Emissions Data.” (2020). 2. Utilization of Biomass Waste The production of charcoal briquettes involves the use of biomass waste such as sawdust, rice husks, and coconut shells, which are often discarded. This utilization helps reduce waste accumulation and provides an environmentally friendly disposal method. Reference: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development.” (2018). 3. Conservation of Forests Using charcoal briquettes reduces the need for firewood, thereby helping conserve forests. This is crucial in preventing deforestation and preserving biodiversity. Reference: World Bank. “Forests and Energy: Key Issues.” (2019). Economic Benefits 1. Cost-Effectiveness Charcoal briquettes are often cheaper than traditional fossil fuels. This cost advantage makes them an attractive option for households looking to reduce their energy expenses. Reference: Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. “Clean Cooking: Key to Achieving Global Climate and Health Goals.” (2018). 2. Job Creation The production of charcoal briquettes creates employment opportunities, especially in rural areas. The industry requires labor for the collection of raw materials, production, and distribution, thereby supporting local economies. Reference: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). “Sustainable Energy for All: A Global Action Agenda.” (2021). Practical Benefits 1. High Energy Efficiency Charcoal briquettes are known for their high energy efficiency. They burn longer and produce more consistent heat compared to traditional firewood, making them more effective for cooking and heating. Reference: International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). “Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review.” (2021). 2. Cleaner Combustion Charcoal briquettes produce less smoke and fewer pollutants than firewood or coal. This cleaner combustion improves indoor air quality, which is particularly beneficial in reducing respiratory health issues. Reference: World Health Organization (WHO). “Air Quality Guidelines.” (2020). 3. Easy Storage and Handling Charcoal briquettes are easy to store and handle due to their uniform shape and size. This makes them convenient for household use, reducing the mess and hassle associated with traditional fuels. Reference: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Waste.” (2019). Conclusion Charcoal briquettes present significant environmental, economic, and practical benefits compared to traditional fossil fuels. By utilizing renewable raw materials, producing lower emissions, and supporting local economies, charcoal briquettes are a more environmentally friendly fuel solution. However, efforts are needed to improve production quality and expand their use to maximize their benefits. With the right support, charcoal briquettes can become an important part of the global strategy to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment. References International Energy Agency (IEA). “Energy and Carbon Emissions Data.” (2020). Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development.” (2018). World Bank. “Forests and Energy: Key Issues.” (2019). Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. “Clean Cooking: Key to Achieving Global Climate and Health Goals.” (2018). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). “Sustainable Energy for All: A Global Action Agenda.” (2021). International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). “Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review.” (2021). World Health Organization (WHO). “Air Quality Guidelines.” (2020). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Waste.” (2019).

Why Charcoal Briquettes Are More Environmentally Friendly

Introduction With increasing awareness of the importance of environmental conservation, various more eco-friendly fuel alternatives have been developed and used. One solution that is gaining popularity is charcoal briquettes. Made from biomass such as agricultural waste, sawdust, and coconut shells, charcoal briquettes offer several advantages over traditional fossil fuels. This article will discuss why charcoal briquettes are considered more environmentally friendly. Use of Renewable Raw Materials 1. Utilization of Biomass Waste Charcoal briquettes are made from various types of biomass waste that are often not utilized. For example, sawdust, rice husks, and coconut shells that are usually discarded can be processed into useful fuel. Study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) shows that using biomass waste for briquette production can reduce waste accumulation and add value to previously unused materials. 2. Reducing Dependence on Firewood Using charcoal briquettes helps reduce dependence on firewood, which is a major cause of deforestation. By using biomass waste as fuel, the pressure on natural forests can be reduced. Report from the World Bank states that using charcoal briquettes can reduce the need for firewood from forests, thus helping forest conservation and reducing deforestation. Energy Efficiency and Low Emissions 1. Cleaner Combustion Charcoal briquettes produce less smoke and harmful pollutants compared to firewood or coal. This means that charcoal briquettes can help reduce air pollution, both indoors and outdoors. Research from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that charcoal briquettes produce fewer fine particulates (PM2.5) that are harmful to lung health. 2. Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions Charcoal briquettes have lower carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels like coal and oil. The carbonization process used in making charcoal briquettes is more efficient and produces fewer greenhouse gases. Study by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that using charcoal briquettes can reduce carbon emissions by up to 50% compared to using coal. Economic and Social Benefits 1. Job Creation Charcoal briquette production creates new economic opportunities, especially in rural areas. The production process requires labor to collect raw materials, produce briquettes, and distribute them. Research from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) found that the charcoal briquette industry can help create jobs and improve economic welfare in rural communities. 2. Reduced Energy Costs Charcoal briquettes are often cheaper compared to fossil fuels. This means that households and industries can save on their energy costs by switching to charcoal briquettes. Study by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves shows that using charcoal briquettes can reduce household energy costs by up to 30%. Challenges in Using Charcoal Briquettes Despite their many benefits, the use of charcoal briquettes also faces some challenges. One of these is the varying quality of briquettes depending on the raw materials and production process. Low-quality briquettes can produce more smoke and pollutants. Research from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) shows that strict quality standards and better production technology are needed to ensure that charcoal briquettes are efficient and clean. Conclusion Charcoal briquettes offer significant environmental, economic, and social benefits compared to traditional fossil fuels. By using renewable raw materials, producing lower emissions, and supporting local economies, charcoal briquettes are a more environmentally friendly fuel solution. However, to maximize their benefits, efforts are needed to improve production quality and expand their use. With the right support, charcoal briquettes can become an important part of the global strategy to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment. References Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development.” (2018). World Bank. “Forests and Energy: Key Issues.” (2019). World Health Organization (WHO). “Air Quality Guidelines.” (2020). International Energy Agency (IEA). “Energy and Carbon Emissions Data.” (2020). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). “Sustainable Energy for All: A Global Action Agenda.” (2021). Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. “Clean Cooking: Key to Achieving Global Climate and Health Goals.” (2018). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Waste.” (2019).

Charcoal Briquettes: A Sustainable Solution for Reducing Carbon Emissions – Myth or Fact?

Introduction In the global effort to combat climate change, various sustainable energy solutions have been explored and implemented. One solution that has garnered attention is the use of charcoal briquettes. Charcoal briquettes, made from biomass such as agricultural waste and wood, are claimed to reduce carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels. This article will explore whether this claim is a myth or fact based on scientific evidence and field practices. What are Charcoal Briquettes? Charcoal briquettes are solid fuel made from sawdust, coconut shells, rice husks, and other biomass waste that has undergone carbonization. This process involves heating the raw materials in a low-oxygen environment to convert them into charcoal, which is then compressed into briquettes. Charcoal briquettes are used as an alternative fuel for cooking, heating, and industrial applications. Environmental Benefits of Charcoal Briquettes 1. Use of Renewable Biomass One of the main advantages of charcoal briquettes is that they are made from renewable biomass. Agricultural and wood waste that would otherwise be discarded can be processed into useful fuel. This helps reduce waste accumulation and adds value to previously unused materials. Study by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) shows that using biomass for energy production can reduce carbon emissions by 20-50% compared to fossil fuels. 2. Efficient Carbonization Process The carbonization process in making charcoal briquettes allows for reduced carbon emissions because it is cleaner compared to direct combustion of wood or biomass. Research from the International Biochar Initiative shows that biomass carbonization produces less methane and carbon dioxide compared to direct combustion. 3. Reduction in Deforestation By using agricultural and wood waste as raw materials, charcoal briquettes can help reduce the pressure on natural forests. Reduced deforestation means more trees are available to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate greenhouse gas effects. Report from the World Bank states that using charcoal briquettes can reduce the need for firewood from natural forests, directly contributing to forest conservation. Challenges and Limitations 1. Emissions from the Production Process While charcoal briquettes reduce emissions during use, their production process still generates emissions. The carbonization and compression of biomass require energy, which often comes from fossil sources. Study by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that emissions from the charcoal briquette production process can be minimized by using renewable energy sources. 2. Quality of Briquettes and Combustion Efficiency The quality of charcoal briquettes varies depending on the raw materials and production process. Low-quality briquettes can produce more smoke and pollutants, reducing the expected environmental benefits. Research from the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves shows that strict quality standards and better production technology are needed to ensure efficient and clean charcoal briquettes. Case Studies: Implementation of Charcoal Briquettes in Various Countries 1. Kenya In Kenya, the use of charcoal briquettes has been introduced in rural communities as an alternative to firewood. The results show a significant reduction in household carbon emissions and local deforestation. Study by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) reports that the charcoal briquette project in Kenya has reduced household carbon emissions by up to 40%. 2. India India has adopted the use of charcoal briquettes in small and medium-sized industries to replace coal. This has not only reduced carbon emissions but also lowered energy costs. Research by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows that industries switching to charcoal briquettes in India have experienced a reduction in carbon emissions by up to 30%. Conclusion Based on existing evidence, the use of charcoal briquettes can significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels. However, their effectiveness depends on efficient production processes and the use of high-quality raw materials. While challenges remain, such as emissions from the production process and variations in briquette quality, the environmental benefits of using charcoal briquettes cannot be ignored. Therefore, the claim that charcoal briquettes can reduce carbon emissions is a fact, provided that proper production and usage practices are implemented. References Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Biomass Energy for Sustainable Development.” (2018). International Biochar Initiative. “Biochar for Environmental Management.” (2019). World Bank. “Forests and Energy: Key Issues.” (2019). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Waste.” (2019). Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. “Clean Cooking: Key to Achieving Global Climate and Health Goals.” (2018). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). “Sustainable Energy for All: A Global Action Agenda.” (2021). International Energy Agency (IEA). “Energy and Carbon Emissions Data.” (2020).

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